Two Greek Inscriptions from Axum
The African kingdom (and briefly empire) of Axum or Aksum flourished in modern-day Ethiopia from around the first century BCE until the tenth century CE.
Read moreWarfare (7)
The Poetic Stela of Thutmose III
This granite stela (carved slab) was created during the reign of King/Pharaoh Thutmose III of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, who ruled from around 1479–1425…
Read moreThe Kamose Texts
Possibly written by "Neshi," who names himself as the "overseer of the treasury," these inscriptions on two different stone blocks were made during the reign…
Read morePope Urban II: Speech at the Council of Clermont
Pope Urban II (ruled 1088–1099) is credited with inaugurating the crusading movement in medieval Christianity with his speech calling and sanctioning the First Crusade at…
Read moreExcerpts from the Trial of Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc) was born in northeast France around 1412 and was executed in 1431. An illiterate young woman from a peasant family,…
Read moreExcerpt from Livy's History of Rome
The Roman historian Titus Livius (c.59 BCE—17 CE) wrote one of the major surviving histories of the Roman Republic. Titled Ab Urbe Condita, "From the…
Read moreContinuation of the Chronicle of Damascus
The Continuation of the Chronicle of Damascus was written by Hamzah ibn al-Quālanisī (c.1071–1160), an educated nobleman who, in his career as an administrator and…
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