Two Greek Inscriptions from Axum
The African kingdom (and briefly empire) of Axum or Aksum flourished in modern-day Ethiopia from around the first century BCE until the tenth century CE.
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The Poetic Stela of Thutmose III
This granite stela (carved slab) was created during the reign of King/Pharaoh Thutmose III of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, who ruled from around 1479–1425…
Read moreThe Kamose Texts
Possibly written by "Neshi," who names himself as the "overseer of the treasury," these inscriptions on two different stone blocks were made during the reign…
Read moreThe Fourteen Rock Edicts of Ashoka
Asoka, who called himself Piyadasi, “Beloved of the Gods,” was the third king of the Mauryan Dynasty in the region corresponding to northern India, where…
Read moreThe Filial and Luminous Emperor Ching
The “Filial and Luminous Emperor” of the title was the emperor Ching, the sixth emperor of the Han Dynasty who ruled 154–141 BCE. He worked…
Read morePrologue and Epilogue to the Code of Hammurabi
While not the first code of laws, the Code of Hammurabi, who was king of the city-state of Babylon c.1792–1750 BCE, is the the earliest…
Read moreInscriptions of Darius the Great
Darius I, known as Darius the Great, ruled the Persian Achaemenid Empire from 522 to 486 BCE. Sometime after taking the throne, he had a…
Read moreHow the Jizya is to be Collected and from Whom
The jizya was the annual tax that all Christians and Jews (and some members of other religions) were required to pay to the Muslim government…
Read moreDocuments from the Council of Nicaea
This is a collection of English translations on this Christian church council, which was the first "Church-wide" council held after the practice of Christianity was…
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